The first time that I had shakshouka it was at a restaurant in Boston for a jazz brunch. It was one of those funky vibe places where all the food was ‘edgy’ and there was little traditional American fare. I had never heard of shakshouka, but I was drawn to it because it was served with merguez. I like merguez, but don’t find it often on a restaurant menu. So as long as there was a promise of good merguez, I was willing to try almost anything.
So I ordered the shakshouka, not sure what I was getting. The menu description was vague. Something along the lines of ‘eggs baked in a spicy tomato sauce’. When I got the dish, I was pleasantly surprised. The vague description so undersold what I was getting. Sure, it was eggs in a tomato sauce. But oh so much more!
The sauce was warmly spiced and the eggs were poached. Not your classic Italian-American tomato sauce. It was thicker, deeper, and had hints of cumin, paprika, and coriander. There was a spicy heat that was prominent, but it wasn’t too hot. On top of that, the eggs were perfectly poached. It was a darn near perfect brunch dish.
Now that I had tried shakshouka and loved it, I needed to learn more. Where does it come from? How is it made? Can I make it myself? So today I’m going to share some of what I’ve learned with you.
First, I will answer my last question. Can I make it myself? The answer is a resounding yes. And you can make it too. The dish looks impressive, but it is remarkably easy, and quite flexible in how you make it. I’ll share my recipe below, but know that you can adapt it to your own taste quite easily.
Where is shakshouka from?
Back to the other questions. Where does shakshouka come from? My first clue was that it was paired with a merguez sausage. Merguez is a North African lamb sausage, similar to chorizo. So that tells me that the shakshouka is likely of North African origin. Many recipes call for the merguez to be simmered in the tomato as part of the dish.
I omit the merguez in my version for two reasons. First, it is not easy to find a merguez sausage in a traditional North American grocery store. I can find them in my Middle Eastern market, but I shop there occasionally, not weekly. When I can get some, I do take the opportunity to add them to my shakshouka. It reminds me of the original way I had it at the jazz brunch. But usually I have it with no meat.
Which is the second reason I omit the merguez. It allows the dish to be meat free. Because it still has eggs, it is not a plant based dish, and not vegan. There are recipes for vegan varieties that substitute chickpeas for eggs, but I haven’t tried any. But I do like the idea of it being a vegetarian meal. Although I am not a vegetarian, I do try to have several ‘vegetarian’ meals throughout my week, so shakshouka fits that bill.
Returning to the origin of shakshouka. A quick visit to TasteAtlas confirmed what I thought — shakshouka originated in North Africa. It most likely originates in what is currently Tunisia, although no one is absolutely certain. It is quite certain that shakshouka is popular across all of North Africa. The word “shakshouka” derives from the Arabic word for “mix”, as in a mix of vegetables and eggs.
Very Mediterranean
The interesting thing though, is that Shakshouka is a very Mediterranean dish. It is popular of course across the rest of North Africa, from Morocco to Egypt. But it has traveled throughout the region. It traveled by way of North African Jews to Israel, where it has become wildly popular. And it has traveled across the sea to Europe.
There are dishes so similar to shakshouka that it is hard not to believe they share a similar origin. In Turkey, there is menamen, virtually identical to shakshouka. Bulgaria has mish mash, sometimes referred to as the shakshouka of the Balkans. Italy has uova al purgatorio (eggs in purgatory). And the small island of Pantelleria between Tunisia and Scilily that has a dish called Sciakisciuka. Besides having a name strikingly similar to shakshouka, the recipe itself is quite similar as well. Spain has pisto manchego, which adds eggplant to the mix.
Not only does shakshouka exist throughout the Mediterranean, there are almost endless variations. In Egypt for instance, it is more common to scramble the eggs instead of poaching. In Israel, they like to top shakshouka with feta cheese. Bulgarian mish mash has both scrambled eggs and feta cheese. There are versions that include eggplant, mushrooms, zucchini, and even hummus.
Eggs can be served poached and soft to the point of being runny (the way I like it) or hard cooked through. The sauce can be thick and paste-like or thin and saucy. Some versions rely on both onion and garlic in the sauce, and others omit one of them. The spices usually include cumin, coriander and paprika, but sometimes not. And of course the heat levels vary from VERY hot to no heat at all. My preference is on the hot side,
My Version
Which brings us to today’s recipe. The version I rely on most is a mix of peppers, onions and garlic. I do not use spicy peppers, but red bell pepper. I bring the heat in my spices. For tomatoes, it depends on the season. Most of the year, I use canned tomatoes. However in the summer when fresh tomatoes are abundant and juicy, I use those instead. In either case I add a bit of tomato paste to provide some thickness to the sauce.
For spices, I use equal parts cumin, smoked paprika, and Aleppo pepper, and about half a part of coriander. That balance is right for me. You can feel free to play with the ratio of your spices as you like.
I like smoked paprika, so I use more paprika than most recipes call for. And if you don’t have smoked paprika, go ahead and use a regular paprika. I have seldom seen recipes that call for the smoked paprika, but I like the earthy flavor it brings to food.
I use Aleppo pepper for my heat source because I have become a huge fan. It adds heat, but a more measured heat than red pepper flakes. Besides the heat, I feel that Aleppo pepper adds flavor as well. There is a gentle sweetness to the pepper that makes it one of my favorite heat sources.
As for the eggs, I definitely stick with poaching them in the tomato mixture. Poached eggs is my number one favorite way to have eggs, so I’m sticking with that. There are two different approaches for poaching the eggs in shakshouka. The first is on the stove top, with a lid on the pan. This is by far the most common method used in the recipes I’ve seen over the years.
More control of when the eggs are done
However, that doesn’t work for me. I prefer my yolks on the very runny side. But I found with the “lid on” method, the yolks always cooked too hard by time the whites had cooked. But I picked up a trick from Jenn Pallian’s blog Foodess a few years back. Bake the eggs in the oven. Game changer. Now, once I add the eggs, I move the entire dish to the oven. Let cook between 7 – 10 minutes, until the eggs are just the way I like them. The whites cook too. I’m not going back to the other way.
I do find that I have to take the dish out of the oven while the eggs are still a little bit underdone. This is because the eggs will continue to cook in the hot tomato mixture even when the heat source is gone. Find the sweet spot for when the eggs are done to your liking, and pull them out of the over then.
FYI – my pictures only have two eggs because I make a smaller portion when cooking for home. There is just two of us. The recipe is for four.
Take your dish out of the oven, and top whatever way you like. Some use feta, some don’t. I’ve tried a variety of cheeses, and liked some better than others. But I usually don’t have cheese at all. Add more hot pepper. Shake some buffalo sauce on. Use some parsley or za’atar. Make it your own. People all around the Mediterranean have been doing just that for years. Why not join in the fun and give shakshouka a try.
Thank you to tasteatlas and 196 flavors for their background information about the history of shakshouka
Shakshouka – A Very Mediterranean Meal
Ingredients
- 2 TBL extra virgin olive oil
- 1 lg onion chopped
- 1 lg red bell pepper chopped
- 2 cloves garlic chopped
- 1 tsp ground cumin
- 1 tsp smoked paprika
- 1 tsp Aleppo pepper or 1/2 tsp crushed red pepper flakes
- 1/2 tsp ground coriander
- 2 TSP tomato paste
- 1 28 oz can Diced Tomatoes
- 4 large eggs
- 2 TBS Parsley or Cilantro chopped, plus extra for garnish
Instructions
- Preheat oven to 400oF
- Heat large skillet over medium high heat
- Add olive oil
- When olive oil begins to simmer, add onions, peppers, and garlic.
- Saute vegetables until softened and onions are just translucent, about 5 minutes.
- Add cumin, smoked paprika, Aleppo pepper and coriander and stir until fragrant, about 1 minute
- Add tomato paste and stir to coat vegetables and spice mixture
- Add crushed tomatoes stir to combine and bring to a simmer
- Allow to simmer for about 5 – 10 minutes, to let the flavors combine and to reduce and thicken to your liking.
- Using the back of a spoon, make a small well in the sauce for an egg. Crack and add an egg to your well. Repeat 3 more times for remaining eggs
- Carefully move the pan to the middle rack of the oven. Use mitts, the pan will be hot.
- Allow to heat in the oven for 7 – 10 minutes, until the yolks are done to your liking. The egg whites should be cooked to white. The yolks should have risen a bit. They should still jiggle in the centers when you shimmy the pan. The longer you cook them at this point, the firmer the eggs will be. Remember, they will keep cooking in the hot tomato mixture even when removed from the oven.
- Being very careful, remove the skillet from the oven and move to a heat safe surface.
- Garnish with fresh parsley leaves. Feel free to sprinkle with more Aleppo pepper and smoked paprika.